Obama offers Gulf allies 'ironclad' security pledge

By Andrew Beatty 

CAMP DAVID, United States - US President Barack Obama sought to reassure Gulf allies that his strategy of engaging Iran will not come at their expense Thursday, at a Camp David summit long on warm rhetoric but short on concrete outcomes.

Reiterating his pledge to counter external threats to Gulf states amid Iran's growing role in the region, Obama said his security commitment to the decades-old allies was "ironclad".  

He said the US was prepared to help "deter and confront an external threat to any GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) state's territorial integrity".

But behind the warm words, there remains deep unease.

Only two out of six Gulf heads of state accepted the invitation to visit the presidential mountain retreat, in what was widely seen as a snub to the US leader.

Around the table, Obama faced the tough task of convincing sceptical emirs, princes and sheikhs that his ambition to reach a nuclear deal with Tehran will not come at their expense.

Iran stands to regain in excess of $100 billion in blocked cash if sanctions are lifted - cash the Gulf states believe could help fund the Islamic Republic's "destabilising" activities in the region.

"Most of the destabilising activity that Iran engages in is low-tech, low-cost activity," Obama said, indicating that he believed Iran would be more interested in fixing its economy than bumper weapons buys.

Gulf states are not so sure, and had asked the US to provide a written guarantee of their security.

Treaty talk rebuffed

But that suggestion has been rebuffed.

"We're not initiating treaties, mutual defence treaties," said senior Obama advisor Ben Rhodes. "That is a very complicated piece of business."

Such a pact would be difficult to pass through a pro-Israel Congress, and the White House sees asymmetric threats and internal unease at closed political systems as a greater security priority.

The Gulf states had to settle for progress on ballistic missile defence, joint military exercises and cyber and maritime security initiatives.

Obama also insisted that close security ties with Gulf nations were not designed to box in Iran.

"The purpose of security cooperation is not to perpetuate any long-term confrontation with Iran or even to marginalise Iran," he said.

The Gulf states believe the US is not doing enough to prevent what they say is Iran's fuelling of the conflicts in Yemen, Syria and Iraq that have thrown the Middle East into deep crisis.

Even as the leaders gathered, it emerged that Iran's Revolutionary Guard had fired on a commercial ship off the coast of the United Arab Emirates, the Islamic State executed 26 civilians in Syria and - amid a shaky truce in Yemen - Sanaa recalled its envoy to Tehran.

The Arab and largely Sunni Muslim states also fear the nuclear deal could be a harbinger of closer US ties with their Persian and Shiite arch-foe.

Obama's relationship with the Gulf had already been strained by his perceived quickness to welcome democratic Arab Spring revolts and a reduced dependence on Gulf oil.

The US and the ultra-conservative Gulf monarchies have close ties that go back decades, their mutual interests trumping their vastly different national ideologies.

In 1980, in the wake of a crippling oil shock precipitated by Iran's Islamic Revolution, then-president Jimmy Carter pledged to come to the defence of vital oil-producing Gulf states.

That policy was made manifest a decade later when president George HW Bush sent troops to Kuwait when it was invaded by Saddam Hussein's Iraq.

Today the US Fifth Fleet is based in Bahrain and a US military command centre with substantial troops is stationed in Qatar.