Obama sends more troops to Baghdad as Iraq battles to stop offensive

President Barack Obama has deployed 200 more troops to Baghdad to protect the US embassy as Iraq's parliament was set to convene Tuesday to seek a solution to the country's sectarian crisis.

"In light of the security situation in Baghdad, I have ordered up to approximately 200 additional US Armed Forces personnel to Iraq to reinforce security at the US Embassy, its support facilities, and the Baghdad International Airport," Obama said in a letter to Congress released Monday.

"This force is deploying for the purpose of protecting US citizens and property, if necessary, and is equipped for combat."

The latest deployment, which the Pentagon said had arrived in Iraq on Sunday, brings the number of US troops and embassy security forces to 800, following the sudden advance of the Sunni militants that has left nearly 2,000 people dead this month.

The US and Iraqi governments reportedly negotiated a controversial deal in recent weeks granting 300 US troops deployed in recent weeks to Iraq some immunity from prosecution in the country's court system, Military Times reported.

The recent deal, which is not a status of forces agreement, is notable, according to Military Times, because failed talks in 2011 over the legal protection of US service members was the primary reason for the complete withdrawal of US troops.

Iraqi forces meanwhile pressed a counter-offensive Monday against executed dictator Saddam Hussein's hometown of Tikrit, one of a string of towns and cities overrun by Islamic State fighters who have been joined in their campaign by a coalition of Baathists and other militants.

An army officer said troops controlled parts of the outskirts of the city, some 160 km north of Baghdad, which the militants captured on 11 June.

The conflict has displaced hundreds of thousands and piled pressure on Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki.

Maliki's bid for a third term in office has been battered by the offensive and he is no longer seen as the clear frontrunner when the new parliament elected in April holds its opening session on Tuesday.

World leaders and leading clerics have pressed Iraqi leaders to unite and quickly form a government, but despite the urgency, politicians have warned that the process of choosing a new prime minister could take more than a month.

'Sense of ambition' 

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant renamed itself simply the Islamic State (IS) and declared its shadowy frontman the leader of the world's Muslims, in a clear challenge to Al-Qaeda for control of the global jihadist movement.

IS announced on Sunday that it was establishing a "caliphate" - an Islamic form of government last seen under the Ottoman Empire - extending now from Aleppo in northern Syria to Diyala province in eastern Iraq, the regions where it has fought against the regimes in power.

In an audio recording posted online, the group declared its chief Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi "the caliph" and "leader for Muslims everywhere". Henceforth, the group said, he is to be known as "caliph Ibrahim" - a reference to his real name.

Although the move may not have immediate significant impact on the ground, it is an indicator of the group's confidence and marks a move against al-Qaeda - from which it broke away, analysts say.

"I don't think this materially changes anything," said Shashank Joshi, research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute think tank in London.

"What it really changes is the sense of their ambition. It's a potentially inspiring and invigorating movement for people worldwide.

"It will tempt many radicalised Muslims to join their cause."

Baghdadi, thought to have been born in the Iraqi city of Samarra in 1971, is touted by the group as a battle-hardened tactician who fought American forces following the US-led invasion of 2003, and is now widely seen as rivalling al-Qaeda chief Ayman al-Zawahiri as the world's most influential militant Islamist.

His group has drawn thousands of foreign fighters, attracted by a combination of Baghdadi's own appeal, IS's efforts to establish what it believes is an ideal Islamic state, and the group's sophisticated propaganda apparatus, which publishes magazines and videos in English and a host of European languages.

The group is known for its brutality, summarily executing its opponents and this week crucifying rival Islamist rebels in Syria.

In Syria, IS fighters control large swathes of territory in Deir Ezzor near the Iraq border, Raqqa in the north, as well as parts of neighbouring Aleppo province.

'No meaning' 

In Iraq, IS has spearheaded a lightning advance since 9 June, capturing sizeable territories in the north and west, including the country's second city Mosul.

Washington, however, said the caliphate declaration had "no meaning", with State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki telling reporters that it just "exposed the true nature of this organisation and its desire to control people by fear".

Iraqi forces initially wilted in the face of the onslaught but have mounted an ambitious counter-offensive to take back Tikrit, a battle which could be crucial tactically and for the morale of the security forces.

They have nevertheless suffered heavy casualties, with 380 soldiers among the nearly 2,000 people who died in June, the highest death toll since May 2007, according to figures released by Iraqi ministries.

In May 2007, Iraq was in the throes of a brutal sectarian war between the Shiite majority and the Sunni Arab minority that claimed tens of thousands of lives.